Vitamin Information Center

By Will Dunham

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Vitamin D may protect against an artery disease in which fatty deposits restrict blood flow to the limbs, researchers said on Wednesday.

Scientists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University in New York found that people with low levels of vitamin D in their blood experience an increased risk for a condition known as peripheral artery disease, or PAD.

PAD most often reduces blood flow to the legs, causing pain and numbness, impairing the ability to walk and in some cases leading to amputation. It develops when fatty deposits accumulate in the inner linings of artery walls, cutting blood flow and oxygen to the legs, feet, arms and elsewhere.

The researchers based the findings on a U.S. government health survey involving 4,839 adults who had their blood vitamin D levels measured and underwent a screening method for PAD that assesses blood flow to the legs.

The people in the lowest 25 percent of vitamin D levels were 80 percent more likely to have PAD than those in the highest 25 percent, the researchers said.

“Participants in the survey who had the lowest vitamin D levels had a much higher prevalence of peripheral artery disease,” Dr. Michal Melamed of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, who led the study, said in a telephone interview.

But Melamed said it would be premature for people to start taking vitamin D supplements because more studies are needed to confirm that it is protective.

Melamed noted that other vitamins that had been thought to possibly help prevent cardiovascular disease such as vitamin E did not pan out after further research.

The study was presented at an American Heart Association meeting in Atlanta and was published in the association’s journal Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology.

Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and is considered important for bone health. In adults, vitamin D deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, and it can lead to rickets in children.

Some studies have indicated it might provide other benefits. For example, one published in January found that people with low vitamin D levels had an elevated risk for heart attack, heart failure and stroke, suggesting the vitamin may protect against cardiovascular disease.

The body makes vitamin D when skin is exposed to sunlight. It is found in fatty fish such as salmon. Milk commonly is fortified with it.

People with PAD have a four to five times greater risk of heart attack or stroke, according to the American Heart Association. The group said 8 million Americans have PAD.

(Editing by Xavier Briand)

People with low vitamin D levels may face an increased risk for peripheral artery disease, also known as PAD, New York researchers said.Researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University said that PAD is a common disease that occurs when arteries in the legs become narrowed by fatty deposits, causing pain and numbness and impairing the ability to walk.

Lead author Dr. Michal Melamed of Albert Einstein College and colleagues analyzed data from a national survey measuring vitamin D levels in the blood of 4,839 U.S. adults.

The survey tested these people using the ankle-brachial index, a screening tool for PAD that measures blood flow to the legs. Also measured were other risk factors for PAD such as cholesterol levels, blood pressure and presence of diabetes.

The study found that higher levels of vitamin D were associated with a lower prevalence of PAD. Among individuals with the highest vitamin D levels — more than 29.2 nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) — 3.7 percent had PAD. Among those with the lowest vitamin D levels — less than 17.8 ng/mL — 8.1 percent had PAD.

The findings are being reported at the American Heart Association’s Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology annual conference in Atlanta.