Vitamin Information Center

Each day, millions of Americans take dietary supplements, including vitamins and minerals, in an effort to stay healthy and fill dietary gaps.However, they are not risk-free. Some supplements can be dangerous if taken with certain medications or may have harmful side effects. Talking to your doctor or pharmacist before taking a supplement can help you find out if it is safe for you to use. Here are some guidelines to follow before taking a supplement:

• Drug interactions: Remember to tell your doctor about any dietary supplements you are taking when starting a prescription medication. Certain supplements, especially when taken in excess, have serious side effects and can have dangerous interactions when taken with prescription medications.

• Follow guidelines: There are different types and amounts of vitamins and supplements that are needed, depending on your age, gender and lifestyle. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor about which one is right for you.

• Keep your guard up: Just because the label says “all natural” doesn’t mean that the product is safe or effective. The supplement industry is generally unregulated, so potency and ingredients can vary widely. Also, be wary of any curative claims made about a product without sound scientific research to back it up.

• No substitutions: Never substitute prescribed medications with vitamins or supplements. Chances are it will not have the same effect and may even be dangerous. If cost is an issue, discuss lower-priced medication options with your doctor, such as switching to a generic drug or using a mail-order pharmacy for medications taken on an ongoing basis.

• Don’t overdo it: If you are taking a supplement, don’t exceed the recommended amount. Some products can be harmful when you take a large dose or take them for a long time.

• Do not self-diagnose: The best thing you can do before taking vitamins is to ask your doctor or pharmacist what your needs are and what’s safe and effective for you. Remember that supplements are not intended to treat, prevent or cure a disease.

For more information, visit www.medco.com.

Paul Reyes, RPh, is a pharmacist manager for Medco Health Solutions, Inc. and co-host of the national radio program “Ask the Pharmacist.”

Before taking any dietary supplements, you may want to discuss them with your doctor or your pharmacist.

Paul Reyes

A new study by the National Cancer Institute has found that people with one or more chronic illness are the primary factor behind the use of dietary supplements. Cancer survivors also contribute to the use of supplements, although not specifically as cancer treatments.

Dr. Melissa Farmer Miller, the study’s lead author, told Reuters that its important for cancer patients to inform their physicians about any non-prescription medications or natural products they may be taking, as a lack of information exists on the risks and benefits of many supplements. In addition, there may be potential for drug interactions with medications, such as tamoxifen, that many cancer survivors may be taking.

“We really are just beginning to build an evidence base on the benefits of dietary supplements,” said Miller, of the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.

“Even if there’s not a benefit, there is a potential for them to cause harm,” she said, noting that the use of supplements is growing among all Americans.

To determine whether cancer survivors are using supplements at greater rates than the general population, Miller and her team analyzed information from 1,844 cancer survivors and compared it with a random sampling of 7,343 people with no history of cancer.

The team found that vitamins were the only type of supplement use independently associated with having a cancer diagnosis. However, those participants with a  chronic illness were 82 percent more likely than those without a chronic disease to be using two or more supplements, regardless of whether or not they also had cancer.

Other factors associated with the use of dietary supplements were greater physical activity, consumption of fruits and vegetables, being female, being of older age and the use of other alternative and complementary medicines.

Miller said it was not possible at this time to conclude whether or not people living with cancer should either take supplements, or avoid them.

“The primary message should always be to promote a healthy diet,” she said.

She said that doctors and other cancer patient caregivers should be up to date on the literature about various supplements, and should be aware of any supplements their patients may be taking. Cancer patients should also be informed as much as possible about any supplement before they take it, Miller added, noting that it can often be tough due to the lack of regulatory oversight of dietary supplements in the U.S. and the  limited information available on their risks and benefits.

“Consumers are really kind of out there on their own, and should confer with their health care providers about supplement use.”

Dr. Miller‘s report was published in the March 2008 issue of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

A summary of the report can be viewed at http://www.adajournal.org/article/S0002-8223(07)02206-7/abstract.