(NaturalNews) Women who do not get enough vitamin D while pregnant place their children at increased risk for tooth enamel defects and early childhood tooth decay, according to a study conducted by researchers from the University of Manitoba, Canada, and presented at the General Session of the International Association for Dental Research in Toronto.

Researchers measured the vitamin D blood levels of 206 women in the second trimester of pregnancy. Only 10.5 percent had sufficient levels. Of 135 infants studied, 21.6 percent suffered from enamel defects, and 33.6 percent suffered from early childhood tooth decay.

While low maternal vitamin D levels were correlated with enamel defects, this correlation did not reach statistical significance. Insufficient maternal vitamin D was also correlated with higher levels of early childhood tooth decay, a relationship that was found to be statistically significant. The researchers also found that infants who had enamel defects were more likely to go on to have early childhood tooth decay than children with healthier enamel.

The study was funded by Dairy Farmers of Canada, the Dentistry Canada Fund, the Manitoba Institute of Child Health, the Manitoba Medical Service Foundation and the University of Manitoba. The researchers warned that because 90 percent of study participants were urban aboriginal women, caution should be used in generalizing the study’s results.

Vitamin D is naturally produced by the body upon exposure to sunlight. It is essential in helping the body absorb calcium, a critical component of healthy bones and teeth. Recent research has also suggested that the vitamin might play critical role in the health of the immune system, and may help prevent not only osteoporosis but also high blood pressure, cancer and certain autoimmune diseases.

The average light-skinned person can get enough vitamin D from 15 minutes of sun on the face and hands each day, while a darker-skinned person needs twice as much. This may not be sufficient for people living in extreme latitudes, however, especially during the winter.

Sources for this story include: www.washingtonpost.com; www.reuters.com.

Vitamin D, which the body makes when exposed to sunlight, may help prevent multiple sclerosis (MS), suggests a new study.

What’s more, the principal regulator of calcium in the body may also prevent the production of malignant cells such as breast and prostate cancer cells.

According to an article by Sylvia Christakos, PhD, of the UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, the research shows that the incidence of MS decreases as the amount of vitamin D available to the body increases, either through sunlight exposure or diet.

The study has been published online in the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry.

“Since vitamin D is produced in the skin through solar or UV irradiation and high serum levels have been shown to correlate with a reduced risk of MS, this suggests that vitamin D may regulate the immune response and may promote a host’s reaction to a pathogen,” Christakos said.

Christakos’ report focuses on the immunosuppressive actions of the active form of vitamin D, which may inhibit the induction of MS, and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a sufficient vitamin D level.

“Evidence has shown that the maintenance of an adequate vitamin D level may have a protective effect in individuals predisposed to MS,” Christakos said.

“One device of vitamin D action may be to preserve balance in the T-cell reaction and thus avoid autoimmunity,” Christakos added.

Despite the significant evidence of the benefits of vitamin D relative to MS and other autoimmune diseases, Christakos cautions that further studies are needed to determine whether vitamin D alone or combined with other treatments is effective in individuals with active MS.

Newswise — Vitamin D, the principal regulator of calcium in the body, may prevent the production of malignant cells such as breast and prostate cancer cells and protect against specific autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS) according to an article by Sylvia Christakos, PhD, of the UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School.

In the article, Christakos reports that research shows that the incidence of MS decreases as the amount of vitamin D available to the body increases, either through sunlight exposure or diet. The article notes that MS is “for the most part, unknown in equatorial regions” and that the prevalence of the disease is lower in areas where fish consumption is high. The study is available online in the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry.

“Since vitamin D is produced in the skin through solar or UV irradiation and high serum levels have been shown to correlate with a reduced risk of MS, this suggests that vitamin D may regulate the immune response and may promote a host’s reaction to a pathogen,” Christakos said.

Christakos’ report focuses on the immunosuppressive actions of the active form of vitamin D, which may inhibit the induction of MS, and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a sufficient vitamin D level.

“Evidence has shown that the maintenance of an adequate vitamin D level may have a protective effect in individuals predisposed to MS,” Christakos said. “One device of vitamin D action may be to preserve balance in the T-cell reaction and thus avoid autoimmunity.”

Despite the significant evidence of the benefits of vitamin D relative to MS and other autoimmune diseases, Christakos cautions that further studies are needed to determine whether vitamin D alone or combined with other treatments is effective in individuals with active MS.

The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) is the nation’s largest free-standing public health sciences university with more than 5,500 students attending the state’s three medical schools, its only dental school, a graduate school of biomedical sciences, a school of health related professions, a school of nursing and its only school of public health, on five campuses. Last year, there were more than two million patient visits to UMDNJ facilities and faculty at campuses in Newark, New Brunswick/Piscataway, Scotch Plains, Camden and Stratford. UMDNJ operates University Hospital, a Level I Trauma Center in Newark, and University Behavioral HealthCare, a mental health and addiction services network.

Unalaska has many great things to offer, but intense sunlight is not one of them. Although the lack of powerful sun may be good for reducing our skin cancer risk, it is not good for our vitamin D levels. The body uses sunlight to make vitamin D from molecules in the skin. Many who live at northern latitudes, especially in the winter, have inadequate vitamin D levels. A study in the British Medical Journal estimates at least 1 billion people worldwide are vitamin D deficient.

Most tissues in the body have receptors for this important vitamin. All of its many functions are still being discovered. The primary role of vitamin D is maintaining normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorous. Long term vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets in children and a softening of the bones in adults.

Currently there is much research being done to discover the additional effects of vitamin D in our bodies. A recent study published in the journal Dibetologia suggests that vitamin D may play a role in preventing type 1 diabetes in children. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, according to a 2008 article in the journal Circulation.

A 2007 article in the New England Journal of Medicine states that people who live at higher latitudes who have vitamin D deficiency, or lack exposure to the sun, have an increased risk of many cancers. The same article suggests vitamin D may also provide protection from hypertension, psoriasis, several autoimmune diseases (including multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis) and reduce the incidence of fractured bones.

Make sure that you are getting enough vitamin D. It is difficult to get enough from the sun in the summer in Unalaska and impossible in the winter. Check out this Web site from the Norwegian Institute for Air Research to calculate how much vitamin D you are getting from the sun based on your location, weather, skin color, and clothing: http://nadir.nilu.no/~olaeng/fastrt/VitD_quartMED.html.

Obtaining adequate levels of vitamin D from your diet is not easy either. Good dietary sources include fortified milk, eggs, and fatty fish. Some studies, such as one published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition last year, have shown that the vitamin D fortification of milk products is not adequate to prevent vitamin D deficiency.

Infants who are breast fed are at particular risk vitamin D deficiency according to a 2004 study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Human milk contains little vitamin D, and women who are vitamin D deficient provide even less to their breast-fed infants.

There are differing opinions on the recommended daily intake, especially in light of new studies coming out every day. The USDA recommended daily intake is 400 IUs for a healthy adult. Some physicians recommend much more than that, particularly for those deficient in the vitamin. Because vitamin D can be stored in our bodies, there are high dosages available that can be taken only once a week or once a month.

A 2003 study published in the Journal of Pediatrics looked at the vitamin D levels of women and infants in Alaska. Based on this study, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a universal supplement for all infants not receiving vitamin D fortified milk. Talk to your health care provider about getting the right amount of vitamin D for your health.

Tiffany Kelly is medical student from the University of Washington who visited Unalaska for the month of July, 2008. She now lives in Anchorage.

Thanks to sun avoidance and indoor lifestyles, Americans are vitamin D deficient. One of the worst things Americans have done to their health is avoid sun exposure. Most of us work inside then sit in our cars, and when we’re outside we slather ourselves with sun block and wear wide-brim hats and long sleeves. As a result, the majority of Americans have a serious vitamin D deficiency. It’s important to know whether your vitamin D levels are low, because a deficiency can increase the risk of our most common diseases, including heart disease and cancer.

In addition to its role in enabling calcium to be absorbed from the gut, new research is showing that vitamin D prevents heart disease, and stops the out-of-control cell growth that characterizes cancer. A number of population studies are suggesting that the less sunshine we get, the higher our risk is for cancers of the colon, prostate, breast, lung and, believe it or not, skin. Other research shows that vitamin D deficiency may be causing autoimmune diseases such as fibromyalgia and multiple sclerosis (MS). Research published in the British Medical Journal (vol. 237, p.316) on multiple sclerosis suggests that children who are exposed to the sun an average of two to three hours a day in the summer are a third less likely to develop MS. Vitamin D deficiency can also cause muscle weakness, osteoporosis and chronic low back pain.

The Sunshine Vitamin

Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin. When the sun’s ultraviolet rays are absorbed by the skin, a biochemical process begins in which an active form of vitamin D is created, enters the blood stream and then the cells. You can also get vitamin D from foods such as oily fish, dairy products and supplements, but sunshine is by far our most important source of this essential vitamin.

But haven’t we been warned away from sun exposure? Won’t it cause cancer and wrinkles? Well, yes and no. Our national hysteria about sun damage is grossly exaggerated. It’s one of those myths that has been repeated so much that most everyone assumes it to be true. The sunscreen industry has done a great job selling its wares by scaring us about sun exposure. However, if you dig down and do some research it’s a different story.

Yes, if you repeatedly get sunburned you somewhat increase your risk of non-melanoma skin cancer and wrinkles. The fairer the skin, the more easily it is sunburned and damaged. By far the biggest risk for skin cancer is simply having fair skin - with or without sunscreen. There’s really no substantial evidence that using sunscreen protects you from skin cancer. There is a weak association between melanoma and sunburn, but there is no evidence that using sunscreen prevents melanoma. There is some research indicating that exposure to the sun as a child reduces the risk of melanoma.

How Much Sun Do We Need?

According to Michael Holick, a vitamin D researcher and author of the book, The UV Advantage, between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. in the summer (when the sun is most intense), a Caucasian with medium-fair skin living in Boston needs five to eight minutes of sunshine daily without sunblock. In winter you need more sun. People who live further north and/or have darker skin need more time and conversely, people who live closer to the equator and have fairer skin need less time.

There is considerable controversy about whether the process of skin tanning is beneficial and protective against the sun’s harmful rays, or whether tanning is actually a symptom of skin damage. Although repeated sunburns are correlated with later skin cancers, people who are brown from spending their lives working outside in the sun do not have higher rates of skin cancer: factors such as light skin, freckles, numerous moles, genetics and exposure to radiation and arsenic are greater risk factors.

The bottom line on healthy sunning is to avoid sunburn; in fact, you should be out of the sun long before your skin starts turning red. If you’re pale as a ghost, begin with just a few minutes a day and gradually work up. If you’re worried about facial wrinkles, wear a hat to shield your face, but allow at least your arms, legs and some of your chest to be exposed.

For those who have low vitamin D levels, live in colder, cloudier, northern climates or who just can’t get out in the sun enough, it’s wise to take a vitamin D supplement. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of 400 IU is clearly too low. It was put in place before Americans became sun-phobic. Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin and as such can accumulate in the body and become toxic, so there has been justifiable concern about taking too much. Now that we have more research, it seems clear that we can safely take 2,000 IU daily in the D3 cholecalciferol form to maintain our vitamin D levels. If you are seriously deficient and your doctor wants to ratchet up your vitamin D levels quickly with large doses, be sure to test levels regularly. Some doctors will recommend 10,000 IU for a few months to get vitamin D levels back to normal.

What Is an Optimal Vitamin D Level?

Vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL indicate a deficiency, while levels below 30 ng/mL are considered “low.” At this time, the scientific consensus is that optimal vitamin D levels are 30 to 60 ng/mL. Vitamin D can become toxic at levels greater than 150 ng/mL, which is why it’s important to test if you’re taking high dose supplements.

Who Is at Risk for Deficiency?

* The Elderly: As we age we absorb less vitamin D from the sun’s UV rays. Living in a nursing home or becoming homebound can limit exposure to sunshine. Muscle weakness and osteoporosis associated with vitamin D deficiency make the elderly more susceptible to falling and to fracture risk. Research indicates that vitamin D supplementation may decrease the risk of fractures.

* People with Dark Skin: The darker the skin is, the higher melanin levels are. Melanin blocks the action of sunlight on vitamin D precursors in the skin, requiring much longer sunlight exposure to generate adequate circulating vitamin D compared to people with fair skin.

* People with Limited Sunlight Exposure: People living at northern latitudes or who have limited sunlight exposure because of their working environment or cultural dress rules may have low vitamin D levels.

* People with Musculoskeletal Pain: People with symptoms of hypothyroidism, non-specific musculoskeletal pain, chronic low back pain, or fibromyalgia are frequently found to have low vitamin D levels and show clinical improvement after supplementation.

* Overweight or Obese People: Vitamin D can be locked up in fat stores in people who are overweight or obese. In clinical studies, obesity is associated with lower levels of circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D.

New, Simple Vitamin D Test You Can Do at Home

Until recently, testing vitamin D levels involved a visit to the doctor, then a visit to a lab to draw blood, and considerable expense often not covered by health insurance. Thankfully there’s now a reasonably priced and simple-to-use blood spot test available to consumers that can be done at home.

What Is a Blood Spot Test?

A blood spot test involves a nearly painless finger stick and putting a few drops of blood on a small piece of special blotting paper.

Is the Blood Spot Test for Vitamin D Accurate?

It is highly accurate and unlike others, gives you a measure of both vitamin D2 and D3 and easy-to-interpret results.

To read more about vitamin D, find more references, and order a blood spot test, please visit the Virginia Hopkins Test Kits website ((http://www.virginiahopkinstestkits.com/…) .

References:

Berwick M, Armstrong BK et al, “Sun exposure and mortality from melanoma,” J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97:195–99.

Boscoe FP, Schymura MJ, “Solar ultraviolet-B exposure and cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 1993-2002,” BMC Cancer 2006 Nov 10;6:264.

Dennis LK, Beane Freeman LE et al, “Sunscreen use and the risk for melanoma: a quantitative review,” Ann Intern Med
2003; 139: 966–78.

Ginanjar E, Sumariyono SS et al, “Vitamin d and autoimmune disease,” Acta Med Indones 2007 Oct-Dec;39(3):133-41.
Grant WB, “An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet-B radiation,” Cancer 2002; 94:1867–75.

Holick MF, “Sunlight “D”ilemma: risk of skin cancer or bone disease and muscle weakness,” Lancet 2001; 357: 4–6.

Lin J, Manson JE et al, “Intakes of calcium and vitamin D and breast cancer risk in women,” Arch Intern Med 2007 May 28;167(10):1050-9.

Robien K, Cutler GJ et al, “Vitamin D intake and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women’s Health Study,” Cancer Causes Control 2007 Sep;18(7):775-82.

Solomon CC, White E et al “Melanoma and lifetime UV radiation,” Cancer Causes Control 2004 Nov;15(9):893-902.

Thieden E, Philipsen PA et al, “Sunscreen use related to UV exposure, age, sex, and occupation based on personal dosimeter readings and sun-exposure behavior diaries,” Arch Dermatol 2005; 141:967–73.

About the author

Virginia Hopkins
Virginia Hopkins Health Watch
http://www.virginiahopkinshealthwatch.com