Cancer
Synonyms
Malignant tumors; Neoplasms
Definition
Cancer is the general term for more than 100 different
distinct diseases that can affect every part of the
body. Cancer is defined by a rapid abnormal cell growth
beyond usual boundaries that can affect adjoining parts
of the body including other organs. This process is
referred to as metastasis which is the major cause of
death from cancer. Cancer is caused by changes in the
genes responsible for cell growth and repair, driven by
interaction between genetic host factors and external
agents. These external agents can be categorized into
physical carcinogens, chemical carcinogens and biological
carcinogens. Prevention strategies play a vital role
in reducing the burden of cancer as up to one third of all
cases could be avoided by: changing tobacco and alcohol
use, adjusting dietary and physical activity patterns
or reducing exposure to sunlight, etc. Early detection
and treatment of cancer is another key element in reducing
the burden of cancer as it significantly improves the
prognosis. When cancer is treated, the main objectives
are curing, prolonging life and improving the quality
of life of the patients affected. The common treatment
methods are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Tags: abnormal cell growth, boundaries, cancer cancer, cause of death, chemical carcinogens, chemotherapy, distinct diseases, genes, host factors, malignant tumors, metastasis, organs, physical activity patterns, prevention strategies, prognosis, quality of life, radiotherapy, synonyms, tobacco and alcohol, treatment of cancer
